Lee H, Choi HJ, Yang KM, Kim MJ, Cha SH, Yi HJ Efficacy of luteal estrogen administration and an early follicular Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist priming protocol in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2018 Jan;61(1):102-110. doi: 10.5468/ogs.2018.61.1.102. Epub 2017 Dec 19.
Opsahl MS, Blauer KL, Black SH, Lincoln SR, Thorsell L, Sherins RJ The number of embryos available for transfer predicts successful pregnancy outcome in women over 39 years with normal ovarian hormonal reserve testing. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2001 Oct;18(10):551-6.
Sefrioui O, Madkour A, Kaarouch I, Louanjli N Luteal estradiol pretreatment of poor and normal responders during GnRH antagonist protocol. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019 Dec;35(12):1067-1071. doi: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1622086. Epub 2019 May 29.
Studying The Effect of Estradiol Pretreatment on Follicular Synchronization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Outcome in Antagonist Cycles
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
