Female Genital Mutilation — Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Married Women.
Citation(s)
Abdalla SM, Galea S Is female genital mutilation/cutting associated with adverse mental health consequences? A systematic review of the evidence. BMJ Glob Health. 2019 Jul 15;4(4):e001553. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001553. eCollection 2019.
Floyd AE, Gupta V Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. 2023 Apr 24. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557525/
O'Neill S, Pallitto C The Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Psycho-Social Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research. Qual Health Res. 2021 Jul;31(9):1738-1750. doi: 10.1177/10497323211001862. Epub 2021 Jun 8.
Thompson E Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A). Occup Med (Lond). 2015 Oct;65(7):601. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqv054. No abstract available.
van Vliet IM, de Beurs E [The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A brief structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV en ICD-10 psychiatric disorders]. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2007;49(6):393-7. Dutch.
Williams JB Standardizing the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: past, present, and future. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;251 Suppl 2:II6-12. doi: 10.1007/BF03035120.
Psychiatric, Social and Sexual Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Married Women
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
