Fall — Effects of Balance Training on Fall Risk and Mobility in the Elderly
Citation(s)
Ambrose AF, Paul G, Hausdorff JM Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas. 2013 May;75(1):51-61. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.009. Epub 2013 Mar 22. Review.
Geiger RA, Allen JB, O'Keefe J, Hicks RR Balance and mobility following stroke: effects of physical therapy interventions with and without biofeedback/forceplate training. Phys Ther. 2001 Apr;81(4):995-1005.
Mancini M, Horak FB The relevance of clinical balance assessment tools to differentiate balance deficits. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Jun;46(2):239-48. Review.
Schoene D, Valenzuela T, Lord SR, de Bruin ED The effect of interactive cognitive-motor training in reducing fall risk in older people: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2014 Sep 20;14:107. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-107. Review.
Sibley KM, Straus SE, Inness EL, Salbach NM, Jaglal SB Balance assessment practices and use of standardized balance measures among Ontario physical therapists. Phys Ther. 2011 Nov;91(11):1583-91. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20110063. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
Tinetti ME, Kumar C The patient who falls: "It's always a trade-off". JAMA. 2010 Jan 20;303(3):258-66. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.2024.
Effects of Balance Training on Fall Risk and Mobility in the Elderly
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
