Granacher U, Gollhofer A, Hortobágyi T, Kressig RW, Muehlbauer T The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2013 Jul;43(7):627-41. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0041-1. Review.
Granacher U, Gollhofer A, Strass D Training induced adaptations in characteristics of postural reflexes in elderly men. Gait Posture. 2006 Dec;24(4):459-66.
Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A Force production capacity and functional reflex activity in young and elderly men. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2010 Oct-Dec;22(5-6):374-82. doi: 10.3275/6706.
Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A Resistance training and neuromuscular performance in seniors. Int J Sports Med. 2009 Sep;30(9):652-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1224178.
Granacher U, Lacroix A, Muehlbauer T, Roettger K, Gollhofer A Effects of core instability strength training on trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults. Gerontology. 2013;59(2):105-13. doi: 10.1159/000343152.
Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Gruber M A qualitative review of balance and strength performance in healthy older adults: impact for testing and training. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:708905. doi: 10.1155/2012/708905.
Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Zahner L, Gollhofer A, Kressig RW Comparison of traditional and recent approaches in the promotion of balance and strength in older adults. Sports Med. 2011 May 1;41(5):377-400. doi: 10.2165/11539920-000000000-00000. Review.
Muehlbauer T, Roth R, Bopp M, Granacher U An exercise sequence for progression in balance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Feb;26(2):568-74. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318225f3c4.
Effects of a Fall Preventive Exercise Program on Intrinsic Fall Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
