Extravascular Lung Water — Lung Ultrasonography and Extravascular Lung Water
Citation(s)
Berkowitz DM, Danai PA, Eaton S, Moss M, Martin GS Accurate characterization of extravascular lung water in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2008 Jun;36(6):1803-9. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181743eeb.
Itobi E, Stroud M, Elia M Impact of oedema on recovery after major abdominal surgery and potential value of multifrequency bioimpedance measurements. Br J Surg. 2006 Mar;93(3):354-61.
Phillips CR, Chesnutt MS, Smith SM Extravascular lung water in sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: indexing with predicted body weight improves correlation with severity of illness and survival. Crit Care Med. 2008 Jan;36(1):69-73.
Zhao Z, Jiang L, Xi X, Jiang Q, Zhu B, Wang M, Xing J, Zhang D Prognostic value of extravascular lung water assessed with lung ultrasound score by chest sonography in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMC Pulm Med. 2015 Aug 23;15:98. doi: 10.1186/s12890-015-0091-2.
Lung Ultrasonography for Detecting Extravascular Lung Water Overload in Intensive Care Patients Early After Surgery: a Preliminary Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
