Epilepsy — The Role of Gut Microbiota in Children With Epilepsy Following Ketogenic Diet
Citation(s)
Gong X, Cai Q, Liu X, An D, Zhou D, Luo R, Peng R, Hong Z Gut flora and metabolism are altered in epilepsy and partially restored after ketogenic diets. Microb Pathog. 2021 Jun;155:104899. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104899. Epub 2021 Apr 21. Erratum In: Microb Pathog. 2022 Dec;173(Pt B):105832.
Olson CA, Vuong HE, Yano JM, Liang QY, Nusbaum DJ, Hsiao EY The Gut Microbiota Mediates the Anti-Seizure Effects of the Ketogenic Diet. Cell. 2018 Jun 14;173(7):1728-1741.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.027. Epub 2018 May 24. Erratum In: Cell. 2018 Jul 12;174(2):497.
Zhang Y, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Yu L, Zhang L, Wang Y Altered gut microbiome composition in children with refractory epilepsy after ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Res. 2018 Sep;145:163-168. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.015. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Children With Epilepsy Following Ketogenic Diet
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
