Epilepsy — Connectivity Analysis for Investigation of Auditory Impairment in Epilepsy
Citation(s)
Axmacher N, Schmitz DP, Wagner T, Elger CE, Fell J Interactions between medial temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, and inferior temporal regions during visual working memory: a combined intracranial EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurosci. 2008 Jul 16;28(29):7304-12. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1778-08.2008.
Babiloni C, Bares M, Vecchio F, Brazdil M, Jurak P, Moretti DV, Ubaldi A, Rossini PM, Rektor I Synchronization of gamma oscillations increases functional connectivity of human hippocampus and inferior-middle temporal cortex during repetitive visuomotor events. Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Jun;19(11):3088-98. Erratum in: Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Sep;20(6):1694. Claudio, Babiloni [corrected to Babiloni, Claudio]; Martin, Bares [corrected to Bares, Martin]; Fabrizio, Vecchio [corrected to Vecchio, Fabrizio]; Milan, Brazdil [corrected to Brazdil, Milan]; Pavel, Jurak [corrected to Jurak, Pavel]; Vito, Moretti Davide [corrected to Moretti, Davide Vito]; Alessandra, Ubaldi [corrected to Ubaldi, Alessandra]; Maria, Rossini Paolo [corrected to Rossini, Paolo Maria]; Ivan, Rektor [corrected to Rektor, Ivan].
Bishop DV, McArthur GM Individual differences in auditory processing in specific language impairment: a follow-up study using event-related potentials and behavioural thresholds. Cortex. 2005 Jun;41(3):327-41.
Connectivity Analysis for Investigation of Auditory Impairment in Epilepsy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
