Endotracheal Intubation — Intubation During Spinal Immobilization
Citation(s)
Bogdanski L, Truszewski Z, Kurowski A, Czyzewski L, Zasko P, Adamczyk P, Szarpak L Simulated endotracheal intubation of a patient with cervical spine immobilization during resuscitation: a randomized comparison of the Pentax AWS, the Airtraq, and the McCoy Laryngoscopes. Am J Emerg Med. 2015 Dec;33(12):1814-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 21.
Gawlowski P, Smereka J, Madziala M, Szarpak L, Frass M, Robak O Comparison of the Macintosh laryngoscope and blind intubation via the iGEL for Intubation With C-spine immobilization: A Randomized, crossover, manikin trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2017 Mar;35(3):484-487. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.11.064. Epub 2016 Nov 30.
Truszewski Z, Szarpak L, Smereka J, Kurowski A, Evrin T, Czyzewski L Comparison of the VivaSight single lumen endotracheal tube and the Macintosh laryngoscope for emergency intubation by experienced paramedics in a standardized airway manikin with restricted access: a randomized, crossover trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2016 May;34(5):929-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.054. Epub 2016 Feb 27.
C-MAC Compared to Direct Laryngoscopy in Patients With Immobilized Cervical Spine by Unexperienced Physicians: A Randomized Crossover Manikin Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
