Endothelial Dysfunction — Targeting Inflammation to Treat Cardiovascular Aging
Citation(s)
Chai W, Liu J, Jahn LA, Fowler DE, Barrett EJ, Liu Z Salsalate attenuates free fatty acid-induced microvascular and metabolic insulin resistance in humans. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jul;34(7):1634-8. doi: 10.2337/dc10-2345. Epub 2011 May 26.
Jablonski KL, Chonchol M, Pierce GL, Walker AE, Seals DR 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation-linked vascular endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults. Hypertension. 2011 Jan;57(1):63-9. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160929. Epub 2010 Nov 29.
Lesniewski LA, Durrant JR, Connell ML, Folian BJ, Donato AJ, Seals DR Salicylate treatment improves age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction: potential role of nuclear factor kappaB and forkhead Box O phosphorylation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Apr;66(4):409-18. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq233. Epub 2011 Feb 8.
McCarty MF Salsalate may have broad utility in the prevention and treatment of vascular disorders and the metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2010 Sep;75(3):276-81. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.12.027. Epub 2010 Jan 18.
Pierce GL, Lesniewski LA, Lawson BR, Beske SD, Seals DR Nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation contributes to vascular endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress in overweight/obese middle-aged and older humans. Circulation. 2009 Mar 10;119(9):1284-92. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804294. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
Targeting Inflammation to Treat Cardiovascular Aging in Humans (TIVA Study)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
