Endophthalmitis — Endophthalmitis Post Intravitreal Injections
Citation(s)
Chaudhary KM, Romero JM, Ezon I, Fastenberg DM, Deramo VA Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection. Retina. 2013 Jul-Aug;33(7):1407-16. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182807659.
Haddock LJ, Ramsey DJ, Young LH Complications of subspecialty ophthalmic care: endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medications. Semin Ophthalmol. 2014 Sep-Nov;29(5-6):257-62. doi: 10.3109/08820538.2014.959616.
Moss JM, Sanislo SR, Ta CN Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of ocular bacterial flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Ophthalmology. 2010 Nov;117(11):2141-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.030. Epub 2010 Jun 18.
Results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study A randomized trial of immediate vitrectomy and of intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995 Dec;113(12):1479-96.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
