Emergencies — Comparison of Supination/Flexion Maneuver to Hyperpronation Maneuver
Citation(s)
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Green DA, Linares MY, Garcia Pena BM, Greenberg B, Baker RL Randomized comparison of pain perception during radial head subluxation reduction using supination-flexion or forced pronation. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006 Apr;22(4):235-8. doi: 10.1097/01.pec.0000210172.17892.a1.
Guzel M, Salt O, Demir MT, Akdemir HU, Durukan P, Yalcin A Comparison of hyperpronation and supination-flexion techniques in children presented to emergency department with painful pronation. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014 Mar-Apr;17(2):201-4. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.127557.
Hanes L, McLaughlin R, Ornstein AE Suspected Radial Head Subluxation in Infants: The Need for Radiologic Evaluation. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021 Jan 1;37(1):e58-e59. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001848.
McDonald J, Whitelaw C, Goldsmith LJ Radial head subluxation: comparing two methods of reduction. Acad Emerg Med. 1999 Jul;6(7):715-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00440.x.
Porozan S, Forouzan A, Hassanzadeh R Hyperpronation versus Supination-Flexion in Radial Head Subluxation Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2020 Dec;9(4):256-260. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1709703. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2010 Jul;1(2):100-7. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.72352. No abstract available.
Comparison of Supination/Flexion Maneuver to Hyperpronation Maneuver in the Reduction of Radial Head Subluxations: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
