Emergencies — Geriatric Emergency Department Fall Injury Prevention Project
Citation(s)
Bergen G, Stevens MR, Burns ER Falls and Fall Injuries Among Adults Aged >/=65 Years - United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Sep 23;65(37):993-998. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6537a2.
Burns E, Kakara R Deaths from Falls Among Persons Aged >/=65 Years - United States, 2007-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 May 11;67(18):509-514. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6718a1.
Davenport K, Alazemi M, Sri-On J, Liu S Missed Opportunities to Diagnose and Intervene in Modifiable Risk Factors for Older Emergency Department Patients Presenting After a Fall. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Dec;76(6):730-738. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.06.020. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
Goldberg EM, Marks SJ, Resnik LJ, Long S, Mellott H, Merchant RC Can an Emergency Department-Initiated Intervention Prevent Subsequent Falls and Health Care Use in Older Adults? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Dec;76(6):739-750. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.07.025. Epub 2020 Aug 25.
Jung D, Shin S, Kim H A fall prevention guideline for older adults living in long-term care facilities. Int Nurs Rev. 2014 Dec;61(4):525-33. doi: 10.1111/inr.12131. Epub 2014 Sep 12.
Kruschke C, Butcher HK Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Fall Prevention for Older Adults. J Gerontol Nurs. 2017 Nov 1;43(11):15-21. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20171016-01.
National Prevention Council Healthy Aging in Action: Advancing the National Prevention Strategy [Internet]. Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human Services; 2016 Nov. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538955/
Ouslander JG, Reyes B, Diaz S, Engstrom G Thirty-Day Hospital Readmissions in a Care Transitions Program for High-Risk Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Jun;68(6):1307-1312. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16314. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Phelan EA, Mahoney JE, Voit JC, Stevens JA Assessment and management of fall risk in primary care settings. Med Clin North Am. 2015 Mar;99(2):281-93. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.11.004.
Shankar KN, Liu SW, Ganz DA Trends and Characteristics of Emergency Department Visits for Fall-Related Injuries in Older Adults, 2003-2010. West J Emerg Med. 2017 Aug;18(5):785-793. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2017.5.33615. Epub 2017 Jul 14.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
