Elective Cesarean Delivery — Administration Of Calcium Gluconate for The Reduction of Blood Loss During Elective Cesarean Delivery
Citation(s)
Ansari JR, Kalariya N, Carvalho B, Flood P, Guo N, Riley E Calcium chloride for the prevention of uterine atony during cesarean delivery: A pilot randomized controlled trial and pharmacokinetic study. J Clin Anesth. 2022 Sep;80:110796. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110796. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
Epstein D, Freund Y, Marcusohn E, Diab T, Klein E, Raz A, Neuberger A, Miller A Association Between Ionized Calcium Level and Neurological Outcome in Endovascularly Treated Patients with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurocrit Care. 2021 Dec;35(3):723-737. doi: 10.1007/s12028-021-01214-3. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Ho KM, Yip CB Concentration-dependent effect of hypocalcaemia on in vitro clot strength in patients at risk of bleeding: a retrospective cohort study. Transfus Med. 2016 Feb;26(1):57-62. doi: 10.1111/tme.12272. Epub 2016 Jan 5.
Kawarabayashi T, Kishikawa T, Sugimori H Effects of external calcium, magnesium, and temperature on spontaneous contractions of pregnant human myometrium. Biol Reprod. 1989 May;40(5):942-8. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod40.5.942.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
