Elderly — Effects of Physical Exercise, Virtual Reality and Brain Exercise on Balance of the Elderly
Citation(s)
Lee S, Shin S Effectiveness of virtual reality using video gaming technology in elderly adults with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013 Jun;15(6):489-96. doi: 10.1089/dia.2013.0050. Epub 2013 Apr 5.
Lee YM, Jang C, Bak IH, Yoon JS Effects of Computer-assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation Training on the Cognition and Static Balance of the Elderly. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Nov;25(11):1475-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.25.1475. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
Miller KL, Magel JR, Hayes JG The effects of a home-based exercise program on balance confidence, balance performance, and gait in debilitated, ambulatory community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2010 Apr-Jun;33(2):85-91.
Effects of Physical Exercise, Virtual Reality and Brain Exercise on Balance of the Elderly
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
