Effects of the Elements — Effect of Removal of Intracanal Medication on Post Operative Pain
Citation(s)
Gondim E Jr, Setzer FC, Dos Carmo CB, Kim S Postoperative pain after the application of two different irrigation devices in a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Endod. 2010 Aug;36(8):1295-301. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.04.012. Epub 2010 Jun 19.
Sadaf D, Ahmad MZ Factors associated with postoperative pain in endodontic therapy. Int J Biomed Sci. 2014 Dec;10(4):243-7.
Singh RD, Khatter R, Bal RK, Bal CS Intracanal medications versus placebo in reducing postoperative endodontic pain--a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(1):25-9.
Post Operative Pain After Removal of Calcium Hydroxide With Different Activation Techniques
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
