Edema — Impact of Preemptive Intravenous Ibuprofen on Postoperative Edema and Trismus in the Third Molar Teeth
Citation(s)
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Chukwuneke F, Onyejiaka N Management of postoperative morbidity after third molar surgery: a review of the literature. Niger J Med. 2007 Apr-Jun;16(2):107-12. Review.
Chukwuneke FN, Oji C, Saheeb DB A comparative study of the effect of using a rubber drain on postoperative discomfort following lower third molar surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Apr;37(4):341-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2007.11.016. Epub 2008 Feb 12.
Jain N, Maria A Randomized double blind comparative study on the efficacy of Ibuprofen and aceclofenac in controlling post-operative sequelae after third molar surgery. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2011 Jun;10(2):118-22. doi: 10.1007/s12663-011-0198-9. Epub 2
Markovic A, Todorovic Lj Effectiveness of dexamethasone and low-power laser in minimizing oedema after third molar surgery: a clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Mar;36(3):226-9. Epub 2006 Dec 8.
Sato FR, Asprino L, de Araújo DE, de Moraes M Short-term outcome of postoperative patient recovery perception after surgical removal of third molars. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 May;67(5):1083-91. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2008.09.032.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
