E Cigarette Use — Novel Pulmonary Imaging of Lung Structure and Function in E-cigarette Smokers
Citation(s)
Cho JH, Paik SY Association between Electronic Cigarette Use and Asthma among High School Students in South Korea. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 4;11(3):e0151022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151022. eCollection 2016.
Henry TS, Kanne JP, Kligerman SJ Imaging of Vaping-Associated Lung Disease. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 10;381(15):1486-1487. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1911995. Epub 2019 Sep 6. No abstract available.
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Schweitzer RJ, Wills TA, Tam E, Pagano I, Choi K E-cigarette use and asthma in a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Prev Med. 2017 Dec;105:226-231. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.023. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Wang MP, Ho SY, Leung LT, Lam TH Electronic Cigarette Use and Respiratory Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Jan;170(1):89-91. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3024. No abstract available.
Novel Pulmonary Imaging of Lung Structure and Function in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic E-cigarette Smokers
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
