Scholer SJ, Hudnut-Beumler J, Dietrich MS A brief primary care intervention helps parents develop plans to discipline. Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):e242-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0874. Epub 2010 Jan 18.
Scholer SJ, Hudnut-Beumler J, Dietrich MS The effect of physician--parent discussions and a brief intervention on caregivers' plan to discipline: is it time for a new approach? Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2011 Aug;50(8):712-9. doi: 10.1177/0009922811400730. Ep
Scholer SJ, Nix RL, Patterson B Gaps in pediatricians' advice to parents regarding early childhood aggression. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006 Jan-Feb;45(1):23-8.
Scholer SJ, Walkowski CA, Bickman L Voluntary or required viewing of a violence prevention program in pediatric primary care. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2008 Jun;47(5):461-8. doi: 10.1177/0009922807311731. Epub 2008 Jan 23.
Brief Primary Care Intervention Helps Parents With Discipline
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
