Dietary Modification — Medical College Students' Responds to Menu Labeling
Citation(s)
Chu YH, Frongillo EA, Jones SJ, Kaye GL Improving patrons' meal selections through the use of point-of-selection nutrition labels. Am J Public Health. 2009 Nov;99(11):2001-5. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.153205. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
Elbel B, Gyamfi J, Kersh R Child and adolescent fast-food choice and the influence of calorie labeling: a natural experiment. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Apr;35(4):493-500. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.4. Epub 2011 Feb 15.
Finkelstein EA, Strombotne KL, Chan NL, Krieger J Mandatory menu labeling in one fast-food chain in King County, Washington. Am J Prev Med. 2011 Feb;40(2):122-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.10.019.
Lazarte CE, Encinas ME, Alegre C, Granfeldt Y Validation of digital photographs, as a tool in 24-h recall, for the improvement of dietary assessment among rural populations in developing countries. Nutr J. 2012 Aug 29;11:61. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-61.
Roberto CA, Larsen PD, Agnew H, Baik J, Brownell KD Evaluating the impact of menu labeling on food choices and intake. Am J Public Health. 2010 Feb;100(2):312-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.160226. Epub 2009 Dec 17.
Sinclair SE, Cooper M, Mansfield ED The influence of menu labeling on calories selected or consumed: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 Sep;114(9):1375-1388.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.05.014. Epub 2014 Jul 16. Review.
Medical College Students' Responds to Menu Labeling With or Without Nutrition
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
