Dialysis; Complications — Dialysis Recovery Time: Associated Factors and Its Relation to Quality of Life
Citation(s)
As'habi A, Tabibi H, Hedayati M, Mahdavi-Mazdeh M, Nozary-Heshmati B Association of malnutrition-inflammation score, dialysis-malnutrition score and serum albumin with novel risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2015 Feb;37(1):113-6. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2014.967615. Epub 2014 Oct 8.
Cohen DE, Lee A, Sibbel S, Benner D, Brunelli SM, Tentori F Use of the KDQOL-36™ for assessment of health-related quality of life among dialysis patients in the United States. BMC Nephrol. 2019 Apr 1;20(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1295-0. Erratum in: BMC Nephrol. 2019 Dec 10;20(1):461.
Sakkas GK, Karatzaferi C Hemodialysis fatigue: just "simple" fatigue or a syndrome on its own right? Front Physiol. 2012 Jul 31;3:306. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00306. eCollection 2012.
Dialysis Recovery Time: Associated Factors and Its Relation to Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
