Diabetes Mellitus — Development of Ketoacidosis During the Perioperative Period: an Observational Study 'The DKAP Study'
Citation(s)
Anderson JC, Mattar SG, Greenway FL, Lindquist RJ Measuring ketone bodies for the monitoring of pathologic and therapeutic ketosis. Obes Sci Pract. 2021 May 4;7(5):646-656. doi: 10.1002/osp4.516. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Blanco JC, Khatri A, Kifayat A, Cho R, Aronow WS Starvation Ketoacidosis due to the Ketogenic Diet and Prolonged Fasting - A Possibly Dangerous Diet Trend. Am J Case Rep. 2019 Nov 22;20:1728-1731. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.917226.
Dennhardt N, Beck C, Huber D, Sander B, Boehne M, Boethig D, Leffler A, Sumpelmann R Optimized preoperative fasting times decrease ketone body concentration and stabilize mean arterial blood pressure during induction of anesthesia in children younger than 36 months: a prospective observational cohort study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016 Aug;26(8):838-43. doi: 10.1111/pan.12943. Epub 2016 Jun 13.
Meyer EJ, Mignone E, Hade A, Thiruvenkatarajan V, Bryant RV, Jesudason D Periprocedural Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Therapy During Colonoscopy. Diabetes Care. 2020 Nov;43(11):e181-e184. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1244. Epub 2020 Sep 17. No abstract available.
Polidori D, Iijima H, Goda M, Maruyama N, Inagaki N, Crawford PA Intra- and inter-subject variability for increases in serum ketone bodies in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 May;20(5):1321-1326. doi: 10.1111/dom.13224. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
Thiruvenkatarajan V, Meyer EJ, Nanjappa N, Van Wijk RM, Jesudason D Perioperative diabetic ketoacidosis associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Jul;123(1):27-36. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.028. Epub 2019 May 3.
Vetter TR, Jones KA Perioperative Surgical Home: Perspective II. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015 Dec;33(4):771-84. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2015.07.002.
Development of Ketoacidosis During the Perioperative Period: an Observational Study 'The DKAP Study'
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
