Gouda M, Matsukawa M, Iijima H Associations between eating habits and glycemic control and obesity in Japanese workers with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2018 Oct 17;11:647-658. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S176749. eCollection 2018.
Hawley JA, Sassone-Corsi P, Zierath JR Chrono-nutrition for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: from mice to men. Diabetologia. 2020 Nov;63(11):2253-2259. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05238-w. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
Jiang P, Turek FW Timing of meals: when is as critical as what and how much. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2017 May 1;312(5):E369-E380. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00295.2016. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
Mezitis NHE, Bhatnagar V Chrononutrition Applied to Diabetes Management: A Paradigm Shift Long Delayed. Diabetes Spectr. 2018 Nov;31(4):349-353. doi: 10.2337/ds18-0014. No abstract available.
Oda H Chrononutrition. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2015;61 Suppl:S92-4. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.61.S92.
Wirth MD, Zhao L, Turner-McGrievy GM, Ortaglia A Associations between Fasting Duration, Timing of First and Last Meal, and Cardiometabolic Endpoints in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients. 2021 Aug 3;13(8):2686. doi: 10.3390/nu13082686.
Chronotype, Chrononutrition and Glucose Tolerance Among Prediabetic Individuals: Chrono-DM TM
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
