Michaud S, Dasgupta K, Bell L, Yale JF, Anjachak N, Wafa S, Nakhla M Adult care providers' perspectives on the transition to adult care for emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. Diabet Med. 2018 Jul;35(7):846-854. doi: 10.1111/dme.13627. Epub 2018 May 2.
Nakhla M, Bell LE, Wafa S, Dasgupta K Improving the transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care: the pediatric care provider's perspective in Quebec, Canada. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Jun 30;5(1):e000390. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000390. eCollection 2017.
Nakhla M, Daneman D, Frank M, Guttmann A Translating transition: a critical review of the diabetes literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jun;21(6):507-16.
Nakhla M, Daneman D, To T, Paradis G, Guttmann A Transition to adult care for youths with diabetes mellitus: findings from a Universal Health Care System. Pediatrics. 2009 Dec;124(6):e1134-41. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0041. Epub 2009 Nov 23.
Nakhla M, Rahme E, Simard M, Guttmann A Outcomes associated with a pediatric clinical diabetes network in Ontario: a population-based time-trend analysis. CMAJ Open. 2017 Jul 24;5(3):E586-E593. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20170022.
Nakhla M, Rahme E, Simard M, Larocque I, Legault L, Li P Risk of ketoacidosis in children at the time of diabetes mellitus diagnosis by primary caregiver status: a population-based retrospective cohort study. CMAJ. 2018 Apr 9;190(14):E416-E421. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.170676.
Wafa S, Nakhla M Improving the Transition from Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Healthcare: A Literature Review. Can J Diabetes. 2015 Dec;39(6):520-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
Evaluation of a Group Education Program to Improve the Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care for Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
