Piette JD, Weinberger M, Kraemer FB, McPhee SJ Impact of automated calls with nurse follow-up on diabetes treatment outcomes in a Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2001 Feb;24(2):202-8.
Piette JD Interactive voice response systems in the diagnosis and management of chronic disease. Am J Manag Care. 2000 Jul;6(7):817-27. Review.
Piette JD Patient education via automated calls: a study of English and Spanish speakers with diabetes. Am J Prev Med. 1999 Aug;17(2):138-41.
Piette JD Perceived access problems among patients with diabetes in two public systems of care. J Gen Intern Med. 2000 Nov;15(11):797-804.
Piette JD Satisfaction with automated telephone disease management calls and its relationship to their use. Diabetes Educ. 2000 Nov-Dec;26(6):1003-10.
Piette JD Satisfaction with care among patients with diabetes in two public health care systems. Med Care. 1999 Jun;37(6):538-46.
Automated Calls With Nurse Follow-Up to Improve Diabetes Ambulatory Care
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
