Mennella JA, Lukasewycz LD, Castor SM, Beauchamp GK The timing and duration of a sensitive period in human flavor learning: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 May;93(5):1019-24. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.003541. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
Mennella JA, Papas MA, Reiter AR, Stallings VA, Trabulsi JC Early rapid weight gain among formula-fed infants: Impact of formula type and maternal feeding styles. Pediatr Obes. 2019 Jun;14(6):e12503. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12503. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
Mennella JA, Ventura AK, Beauchamp GK Differential growth patterns among healthy infants fed protein hydrolysate or cow-milk formulas. Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):110-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1675. Epub 2010 Dec 27.
Impact of Diet Composition on Energy Balance and Satiety During Infancy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
