Dermatomyositis — Abatacept in Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Citation(s)
Arabshahi B, Silverman RA, Jones OY, Rider LG Abatacept and sodium thiosulfate for treatment of recalcitrant juvenile dermatomyositis complicated by ulceration and calcinosis. J Pediatr. 2012 Mar;160(3):520-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.11.057. Epub 2012 Jan 13.
Behrens L, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T, Goebels N, Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R Human muscle cells express a functional costimulatory molecule distinct from B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) in vitro and in inflammatory lesions. J Immunol. 1998 Dec 1;161(11):5943-51. Erratum in: J Immunol 2000 May 15;164(10):5330.
Feldman BM, Rider LG, Reed AM, Pachman LM Juvenile dermatomyositis and other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies of childhood. Lancet. 2008 Jun 28;371(9631):2201-12. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60955-1. Review.
Murata K, Dalakas MC Expression of the costimulatory molecule BB-1, the ligands CTLA-4 and CD28, and their mRNA in inflammatory myopathies. Am J Pathol. 1999 Aug;155(2):453-60.
Musuruana JL, Cavallasca JA Abatacept for treatment of refractory polymyositis. Joint Bone Spine. 2011 Jul;78(4):431-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.03.022. Epub 2011 May 7.
Schiff M Subcutaneous abatacept for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013 Jun;52(6):986-97. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket018. Epub 2013 Mar 5. Review.
Wedderburn LR, Rider LG Juvenile dermatomyositis: new developments in pathogenesis, assessment and treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009 Oct;23(5):665-78. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.07.007. Review.
Abatacept for the Treatment of Refractory Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.