Depressive Symptoms — Depressive Symptoms Among Medical Students
Citation(s)
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Barakat D, Elwasify M et al (2016): Relation between insomnia and stress, anxiety, and depression among Egyptian medical students; Middle East Current Psychiatry, Volume 23, Number 3, July 2016, pp. 119-127(9), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.XME.0000484345.57567.a9.
Coentre R, Faravelli C, Figueira ML Assessment of depression and suicidal behaviour among medical students in Portugal. Int J Med Educ. 2016 Oct 29;7:354-363. doi: 10.5116/ijme.57f8.c468.
Hope V, Henderson M Medical student depression, anxiety and distress outside North America: a systematic review. Med Educ. 2014 Oct;48(10):963-79. doi: 10.1111/medu.12512. Review.
Ibrahim AK, Kelly SJ, Glazebrook C Socioeconomic status and the risk of depression among U.K. higher education students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013 Sep;48(9):1491-501. doi: 10.1007/s00127-013-0663-5. Epub 2013 Feb 15.
Ibrahim MB, Abdelreheem MH (2015): Prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical and pharmaceutical students in Alexandria/University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. Alexandria J Med 2015;51:167-73.
Ngin C, Pal K, Tuot S, Chhoun P, Yi R, Yi S Social and behavioural factors associated with depressive symptoms among university students in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018 Sep 28;8(9):e019918. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019918.
Pillay N, Ramlall S, Burns JK Spirituality, depression and quality of life in medical students in KwaZulu-Natal. S Afr J Psychiatr. 2016 Mar 22;22(1):731. doi: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v22i1.731. eCollection 2016.
Shams-Eldin AA, Hassan H, Abo Elkhar O et al (2017): Prevalence of Depression among Medical Students at Al-Azhar Uni¬versity, Cairo, Egypt; Community Med Public Health: CMPH-115. DOI: 10.29011/CMPH-115/100015.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
