Tripp JC, Skidmore JR, Cui R, Tate SR Impact of Physical Health on Treatment for Co-occurring Depression and Substance Dependence. J Dual Diagn. 2013;9(3). doi: 10.1080/15504263.2013.806111.
Worley MJ, Tate SR, Brown SA Mediational relations between 12-Step attendance, depression and substance use in patients with comorbid substance dependence and major depression. Addiction. 2012 Nov;107(11):1974-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03943.x. E
Worley MJ, Tate SR, McQuaid JR, Granholm EL, Brown SA 12-step affiliation and attendance following treatment for comorbid substance dependence and depression: a latent growth curve mediation model. Subst Abus. 2013;34(1):43-50. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2012
Worley MJ, Trim RS, Roesch SC, Mrnak-Meyer J, Tate SR, Brown SA Comorbid depression and substance use disorder: longitudinal associations between symptoms in a controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Oct;43(3):291-302. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2011.12.010
Worley MJ, Trim RS, Tate SR, Hall JE, Brown SA Service utilization during and after outpatient treatment for comorbid substance use disorder and depression. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010 Sep;39(2):124-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2010.05.009. Epub 2010 Jul 3.
Integrated Intervention for Substance Abusers With Depressive Disorders
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
