Caparros-Gonzalez RA, Alderdice F The COVID-19 pandemic and perinatal mental health. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2020 Jul;38(3):223-225. doi: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1786910. No abstract available.
Das S, Holland P, Frens MA, Donchin O Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Neuronal Functions. Front Neurosci. 2016 Nov 30;10:550. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00550. eCollection 2016.
Hollins K Consequences of antenatal mental health problems for child health and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Dec;19(6):568-72. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e3282f1bf28.
Kurzeck AK, Kirsch B, Weidinger E, Padberg F, Palm U Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Depression during Pregnancy: Scientific Evidence and What Is Being Said in the Media-A Systematic Review. Brain Sci. 2018 Aug 14;8(8):155. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8080155.
Lorenzetti V, Allen NB, Fornito A, Yucel M Structural brain abnormalities in major depressive disorder: a selective review of recent MRI studies. J Affect Disord. 2009 Sep;117(1-2):1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.11.021. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
Oh J, Jeon S, Ha TH, Myung W, Lee SH, Ko YH, Kim DH, Lee HY, Chae JH Effect of Home-based Self-administered Transcranial Direct Stimulation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Major Depressive Disorder: A Single-arm, Multicentral Trial. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2023 May 30;21(2):271-278. doi: 10.9758/cpn.2023.21.2.271.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
