Depression — Evaluation of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Change of Compassion Cultivation Training in Medical Students
Citation(s)
Attar HS, Chandramani S Impact of physician empathy on migraine disability and migraineur compliance. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2012 Aug;15(Suppl 1):S89-94.
Bellini LM, Shea JA Mood change and empathy decline persist during three years of internal medicine training. Acad Med. 2005 Feb;80(2):164-7.
Cruz A, Bühling M, Seibel K [Double blind study of migraine therapy with etilefrine pivalate]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1985;35(7):1086-9. German.
Steinhausen S, Ommen O, Antoine SL, Koehler T, Pfaff H, Neugebauer E Short- and long-term subjective medical treatment outcome of trauma surgery patients: the importance of physician empathy. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2014 Sep 18;8:1239-53. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S62925. eCollection 2014.
Stepien KA, Baernstein A Educating for empathy. A review. J Gen Intern Med. 2006 May;21(5):524-30. Review.
Weingartner LA, Sawning S, Shaw MA, Klein JB Compassion cultivation training promotes medical student wellness and enhanced clinical care. BMC Med Educ. 2019 May 10;19(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1546-6.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Change of Compassion Cultivation Training in Medical Students
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
