Depression — Community-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Citation(s)
Ali S, Stone MA, Peters JL, Davies MJ, Khunti K The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2006 Nov;23(11):1165-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01943.x.
Chan BS, Tsang MW, Lee VW, Lee KK Cost of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Hong Kong Chinese. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Aug;45(8):455-68. doi: 10.5414/cpp45455.
Glasgow RE, Nelson CC, Strycker LA, King DK Using RE-AIM metrics to evaluate diabetes self-management support interventions. Am J Prev Med. 2006 Jan;30(1):67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.037.
Gonzalez JS, Shreck E, Psaros C, Safren SA Distress and type 2 diabetes-treatment adherence: A mediating role for perceived control. Health Psychol. 2015 May;34(5):505-13. doi: 10.1037/hea0000131. Epub 2014 Aug 11.
Nan H, Au A, Sum R, et al Effect of family support intervention in diabetic retinopathy with depressive symptoms: a randomized clinical trial in Hong Kong. The 10th International Diabetes Federation-Western Pacific Congress. Suntec Singapore: International Diabetes Federation-Western Pacific Congress, 2014:ABS-1807.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
