Depression — Creatine Monohydrate Use for Preventing Altitude Induced Depression
Citation(s)
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC) Absolute and relative morbidity burdens attributable to various illnesses and injuries, non-service member beneficiaries of the Military Health System, 2014. MSMR. 2015 Apr;22(4):27-34.
Bardwell WA, Ensign WY, Mills PJ Negative mood endures after completion of high-altitude military training. Ann Behav Med. 2005 Feb;29(1):64-9.
Bizzarini E, De Angelis L Is the use of oral creatine supplementation safe? J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2004 Dec;44(4):411-6. Review.
Brenner B, Cheng D, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr Positive association between altitude and suicide in 2584 U.S. counties. High Alt Med Biol. 2011 Spring;12(1):31-5. doi: 10.1089/ham.2010.1058. Epub 2011 Jan 7.
DelMastro K, Hellem T, Kim N, Kondo D, Sung YH, Renshaw PF Incidence of major depressive episode correlates with elevation of substate region of residence. J Affect Disord. 2011 Mar;129(1-3):376-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.001. Epub 2010 Nov 11.
Drevets WC Prefrontal cortical-amygdalar metabolism in major depression. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999 Jun 29;877:614-37. Review.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91.
Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27. Erratum in: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;62(7):709. Merikangas, Kathleen R [added].
Lyoo IK, Yoon S, Kim TS, Hwang J, Kim JE, Won W, Bae S, Renshaw PF A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of oral creatine monohydrate augmentation for enhanced response to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in women with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;169(9):937-945. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010009.
Poortmans JR, Francaux M Adverse effects of creatine supplementation: fact or fiction? Sports Med. 2000 Sep;30(3):155-70. Review.
Rango M, Castelli A, Scarlato G Energetics of 3.5 s neural activation in humans: a 31P MR spectroscopy study. Magn Reson Med. 1997 Dec;38(6):878-83.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
