Depression — Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women (Healthy Women Study)
Citation(s)
Barinas-Mitchell E, Cushman M, Meilahn EN, Tracy RP, Kuller LH Serum levels of C-reactive protein are associated with obesity, weight gain, and hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Jun 1;153(11):1094-101.
Bromberger JT, Matthews KA A "feminine" model of vulnerability to depressive symptoms: a longitudinal investigation of middle-aged women. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Mar;70(3):591-8.
Bromberger JT, Matthews KA A longitudinal study of the effects of pessimism, trait anxiety, and life stress on depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. Psychol Aging. 1996 Jun;11(2):207-13.
Burgio KL, Matthews KA, Engel BT Prevalence, incidence and correlates of urinary incontinence in healthy, middle-aged women. J Urol. 1991 Nov;146(5):1255-9.
Gallo LC, Troxel WM, Matthews KA, Kuller LH Marital status and quality in middle-aged women: Associations with levels and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors. Health Psychol. 2003 Sep;22(5):453-63.
Owens JF, Matthews KA, Räikkönen K, Kuller LH It is never too late: change in physical activity fosters change in cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged women. Prev Cardiol. 2003 Winter;6(1):22-8.
Owens JF, Matthews KA, Wing RR, Kuller LH Physical activity and cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged premenopausal women. Prev Med. 1990 Mar;19(2):147-57.
Owens JF, Matthews KA Sleep disturbance in healthy middle-aged women. Maturitas. 1998 Sep 20;30(1):41-50.
Park HA, Lee JS, Kuller LH Relationship between premenopausal dietary intake and postmenopausal subclinical atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Jun;186(2):420-7. Epub 2005 Sep 22.
Räikkönen K, Matthews KA, Kuller LH Anthropometric and psychosocial determinants of visceral obesity in healthy postmenopausal women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999 Aug;23(8):775-82.
Räikkönen K, Matthews KA, Kuller LH The relationship between psychological risk attributes and the metabolic syndrome in healthy women: antecedent or consequence? Metabolism. 2002 Dec;51(12):1573-7.
Wing RR, Bunker CH, Kuller LH, Matthews KA Insulin, body mass index, and cardiovascular risk factors in premenopausal women. Arteriosclerosis. 1989 Jul-Aug;9(4):479-84.
Wing RR, Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Meilahn EN, Plantinga P Waist to hip ratio in middle-aged women. Associations with behavioral and psychosocial factors and with changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 Sep-Oct;11(5):1250-7.
Wing RR Obesity and weight gain during adulthood: a health problem for United States women. Womens Health Issues. 1992 Summer;2(2):114-20; discussion 120-2.
Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women (Healthy Women Study)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.