Depression — Treatment, Emotion, and Neuromodulation of Depression (TREND) Study
Citation(s)
Chung SW, Hoy KE, Fitzgerald PB Theta-burst stimulation: a new form of TMS treatment for depression? Depress Anxiety. 2015 Mar;32(3):182-92. doi: 10.1002/da.22335. Epub 2014 Nov 28.
Der-Avakian A, Markou A The neurobiology of anhedonia and other reward-related deficits. Trends Neurosci. 2012 Jan;35(1):68-77. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.005. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
Forbes EE Where's the fun in that? Broadening the focus on reward function in depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Aug 1;66(3):199-200. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.05.001. No abstract available.
Healey KL, Morgan J, Musselman SC, Olino TM, Forbes EE Social anhedonia and medial prefrontal response to mutual liking in late adolescents. Brain Cogn. 2014 Aug;89:39-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.12.004. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
Morgan JK, Shaw DS, Olino TM, Musselman SC, Kurapati NT, Forbes EE History of Depression and Frontostriatal Connectivity During Reward Processing in Late Adolescent Boys. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2016;45(1):59-68. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1030753. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A; Safety of TMS Consensus Group Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Dec;120(12):2008-2039. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.016. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.