Józwik S, Cieslik B, Gajda R, Szczepanska-Gieracha J Evaluation of the Impact of Virtual Reality-Enhanced Cardiac Rehabilitation on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Clin Med. 2021 May 16;10(10). pii: 2148. doi: 10.3390/jcm10102148.
Józwik S, Cieslik B, Gajda R, Szczepanska-Gieracha J The Use of Virtual Therapy in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Female Patients with Heart Disease. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Jul 28;57(8). pii: 768. doi: 10.3390/medicina57080768.
Szczepanska-Gieracha J, Cieslik B, Serweta A, Klajs K Virtual Therapeutic Garden: A Promising Method Supporting the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms in Late-Life: A Randomized Pilot Study. J Clin Med. 2021 May 1;10(9). pii: 1942. doi: 10.3390/jcm10091942.
Szczepanska-Gieracha J, Józwik S, Cieslik B, Mazurek J, Gajda R Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy as a Support for Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Pilot Randomized-Controlled Trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2021 Aug;24(8):543-549. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0297. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Immersive Virtual Therapeutic Garden as a Support for Late-Life Depressive Symptoms: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
