Depression — Problem Management Plus for Entrepreneurs
Citation(s)
Akhtar A, Rahman A, Husain M, Chaudhry IB, Duddu V, Husain N Multidimensional scale of perceived social support: psychometric properties in a South Asian population. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2010 Aug;36(4):845-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01204.x.
Husain N, Gater R, Tomenson B, Creed F Comparison of the Personal Health Questionnaire and the Self Reporting Questionnaire in rural Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2006 Aug;56(8):366-70.
Khan MN, Chiumento A, Dherani M, Bristow K, Sikander S, Rahman A Psychological distress and its associations with past events in pregnant women affected by armed conflict in Swat, Pakistan: a cross sectional study. Confl Health. 2015 Dec 10;9:37. doi: 10.1186/s13031-015-0063-4. eCollection 2015.
Topp CW, Østergaard SD, Søndergaard S, Bech P The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84(3):167-76. doi: 10.1159/000376585. Epub 2015 Mar 28. Review.
Impact of a Multicomponent Group Intervention on Psychosocial Well-being of Rehabilitated Entrepreneurs in a Conflict-affected Area of Pakistan: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
