Egerod I, Christensen D, Schwartz-Nielsen KH, Agård AS Constructing the illness narrative: a grounded theory exploring patients' and relatives' use of intensive care diaries. Crit Care Med. 2011 Aug;39(8):1922-8. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31821e89c8.
Engström A, Grip K, Hamrén M Experiences of intensive care unit diaries: 'touching a tender wound'. Nurs Crit Care. 2009 Mar-Apr;14(2):61-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-5153.2008.00312.x.
Jones C, Bäckman C, Griffiths RD Intensive care diaries and relatives' symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder after critical illness: a pilot study. Am J Crit Care. 2012 May;21(3):172-6. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2012569.
Le Gall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA. 1993 Dec 22-29;270(24):2957-63. Erratum in: JAMA 1994 May 4;271(17):1321.
Twigg E, Humphris G, Jones C, Bramwell R, Griffiths RD Use of a screening questionnaire for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on a sample of UK ICU patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008 Feb;52(2):202-8. Epub 2007 Nov 14.
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70.
Dagbøger Til Kritisk Syge Patienter Skrevet af pårørende: Betydning for Patient og pårørende Samt Effekt i Forhold Til Udvikling af Symptomer på Posttraumatisk Stress
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
