Brown EC, Hawkins JD, Arthur MW, Briney JS, Abbott RD Effects of Communities That Care on prevention services systems: findings from the community youth development study at 1.5 years. Prev Sci. 2007 Sep;8(3):180-91. doi: 10.1007/s11121-007-0068-3. Epub
Fagan AA, Arthur MW, Hanson K, Briney JS, Hawkins JD Effects of Communities That Care on the adoption and implementation fidelity of evidence-based prevention programs in communities: results from a randomized controlled trial. Prev Sci. 2011 Sep;12(3):2
Fagan AA, Hanson K, Briney JS, David Hawkins J Sustaining the utilization and high quality implementation of tested and effective prevention programs using the communities that care prevention system. Am J Community Psychol. 2012 Jun;49(3-4):365-77. doi:
Fagan AA, Hanson K, Hawkins JD, Arthur M Translational Research in Action: Implementation of the Communities That Care Prevention System in 12 Communities. J Community Psychol. 2009 Sep;37(7):809-829. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20332.
Fagan AA, Hanson K, Hawkins JD, Arthur MW Bridging science to practice: achieving prevention program implementation fidelity in the community youth development study. Am J Community Psychol. 2008 Jun;41(3-4):235-49. doi: 10.1007/s10464-008-9176-x.
Fagan AA, Hanson K, Hawkins JD, Arthur MW Implementing effective community-based prevention programs in the Community Youth Development Study. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 6(3):256-278, 2008.
Gloppen KM, Arthur MW, Hawkins JD, Shapiro VB Sustainability of the Communities That Care prevention system by coalitions participating in the Community Youth Development Study. J Adolesc Health. 2012 Sep;51(3):259-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.0
Hawkins JD, Oesterle S, Brown EC, Abbott RD, Catalano RF Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the communities that care prevention system: a community-randomized trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Feb;168(2):122-9. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4
Kim BK, Gloppen KM, Rhew IC, Oesterle S, Hawkins JD Effects of the communities that care prevention system on youth reports of protective factors. Prev Sci. 2015 Jul;16(5):652-62. doi: 10.1007/s11121-014-0524-9.
Kim BK, Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Shapiro VB Assessing Sustained Effects of Communities That Care on Youth Protective Factors. J Soc Social Work Res. 2015 Winter;6(4):565-589. doi: 10.1086/684163. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Kuklinski MR, Fagan AA, Hawkins JD, Briney JS, Catalano RF Benefit-Cost Analysis of a Randomized Evaluation of Communities That Care: Monetizing Intervention Effects on the Initiation of Delinquency and Substance Use Through Grade 12. J Exp Criminol. 201
Kuklinski MR, Hawkins JD, Plotnick RD, Abbott RD, Reid CK How has the economic downturn affected communities and implementation of science-based prevention in the randomized trial of communities that care? Am J Community Psychol. 2013 Jun;51(3-4):370-84.
Monahan KC, Hawkins JD, Abbott RD The application of meta-analysis within a matched-pair randomized control trial: an illustration testing the effects of communities that care on delinquent behavior. Prev Sci. 2013 Feb;14(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11121-012
Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Fagan AA, Abbott RD, Catalano RF Testing the universality of the effects of the communities that care prevention system for preventing adolescent drug use and delinquency. Prev Sci. 2010 Dec;11(4):411-23. doi: 10.1007/s11121-010-0
Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Fagan AA, Abbott RD, Catalano RF Variation in the sustained effects of the communities that care prevention system on adolescent smoking, delinquency, and violence. Prev Sci. 2014 Apr;15(2):138-145. doi: 10.1007/s11121-013-0365-y.
Oesterle S, Kuklinski MR, Hawkins JD, Skinner ML, Guttmannova K, Rhew IC Long-Term Effects of the Communities That Care Trial on Substance Use, Antisocial Behavior, and Violence Through Age 21 Years. Am J Public Health. 2018 May;108(5):659-665. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304320. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Rhew IC, Brown EC, Hawkins JD, Briney JS Sustained effects of the Communities That Care system on prevention service system transformation. Am J Public Health. 2013 Mar;103(3):529-35. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300567. Epub 2012 Jun 21.
Rhew IC, Oesterle S, Coffman D, Hawkins JD Effects of Exposure to the Communities That Care Prevention System on Youth Problem Behaviors in a Community-Randomized Trial: Employing an Inverse Probability Weighting Approach. Eval Health Prof. 2018 Jun;41(2):270-289. doi: 10.1177/0163278718759397. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
Shapiro VB, Hawkins JD, Oesterle S Building Local Infrastructure for Community Adoption of Science-Based Prevention: The Role of Coalition Functioning. Prev Sci. 2015 Nov;16(8):1136-46. doi: 10.1007/s11121-015-0562-y.
Shapiro VB, Oesterle S, Hawkins JD Relating coalition capacity to the adoption of science-based prevention in communities: evidence from a randomized trial of Communities That Care. Am J Community Psychol. 2015 Mar;55(1-2):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s10464-014-9
Van Horn ML, Fagan AA, Hawkins JD, Oesterle S Effects of the Communities That Care system on cross-sectional profiles of adolescent substance use and delinquency. Am J Prev Med. 2014 Aug;47(2):188-97. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.04.004. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
The Interplay of Social, Normative, and Legal Marijuana Environments and Marijuana and ATOD Use From Late Childhood to Young Adulthood
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
