Dental Caries — Efficacy of Fluor Protector S in the Prevention in Adolescents
Citation(s)
Bansal A, Ingle NA, Kaur N, Ingle E Recent advancements in fluoride: A systematic review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015 Sep-Oct;5(5):341-6. doi: 10.4103/2231-0762.165927. Review.
Gao SS, Zhang S, Mei ML, Lo EC, Chu CH Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment - a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2016 Feb 1;16:12. doi: 10.1186/s12903-016-0171-6. Review.
Lenzi TL, Montagner AF, Soares FZ, de Oliveira Rocha R Are topical fluorides effective for treating incipient carious lesions?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Feb;147(2):84-91.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.06.018. Epub 2015 Nov 6. Review.
Marinho VC, Worthington HV, Walsh T, Clarkson JE Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 11;(7):CD002279. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002279.pub2. Review.
Richards D Substantial reduction in caries from regular fluoride varnish application. Evid Based Dent. 2013 Sep;14(3):72-3. doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400947.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.