Dental Caries — Early Childhood Caries Prevention at a Pediatric Clinic
Citation(s)
Alaluusua S, Renkonen OV Streptococcus mutans establishment and dental caries experience in children from 2 to 4 years old. Scand J Dent Res. 1983 Dec;91(6):453-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1983.tb00845.x.
Bader JD, Rozier RG, Lohr KN, Frame PS Physicians' roles in preventing dental caries in preschool children: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med. 2004 May;26(4):315-25. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.001.
Douglass JM, Douglass AB, Silk HJ Infant oral health education for pediatric and family practice residents. Pediatr Dent. 2005 Jul-Aug;27(4):284-91.
Gomez SS, Weber AA Effectiveness of a caries preventive program in pregnant women and new mothers on their offspring. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001 Mar;11(2):117-22. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-263x.2001.00255.x.
Kohler B, Andreen I, Jonsson B The earlier the colonization by mutans streptococci, the higher the caries prevalence at 4 years of age. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1988 Mar;3(1):14-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1988.tb00598.x. No abstract available.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
