Derogatis LR, Savitz, KL The SCL-90-R and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in Primary Care In: M.E.Maruish, ed. Handbook of psychological assessment in primary care settings 236: 297,334, 2000. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hshieh TT, Fong TG, Marcantonio ER, Inouye SK Cholinergic deficiency hypothesis in delirium: a synthesis of current evidence. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008 Jul;63(7):764-72. Review.
Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):565-73. Review.
Prakanrattana U, Prapaitrakool S Efficacy of risperidone for prevention of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2007 Oct;35(5):714-9.
Reitan RM Validity of the Trail Making test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills 8: 271-276, 1958.
Tabet N, Howard R Non-pharmacological interventions in the prevention of delirium. Age Ageing. 2009 Jul;38(4):374-9. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afp039. Epub 2009 May 21. Review.
Taguchi T, Yano M, Kido Y Influence of bright light therapy on postoperative patients: a pilot study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2007 Oct;23(5):289-97. Epub 2007 Aug 9.
Trzepacz PT, Mittal D, Torres R, Kanary K, Norton J, Jimerson N Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98: comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001 Spring;13(2):229-42. Erratum in: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001 Summer;13(3):433.
Usefulness of Bright Light Therapy in the Prevention of Delirium in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
