Delirium — Cerebral Oxygen Desaturation and Post-Operative Delirium in Thoracic Surgical Patients
Citation(s)
Berry MF, Onaitis MW, Tong BC, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA A model for morbidity after lung resection in octogenarians. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011 Jun;39(6):989-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.09.038. Epub 2011 Jan 26.
Schoen J, Meyerrose J, Paarmann H, Heringlake M, Hueppe M, Berger KU Preoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation is a predictor of postoperative delirium in on-pump cardiac surgery patients: a prospective observational trial. Crit Care. 2011;15(5):R218. doi: 10.1186/cc10454. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
Suehiro K, Okutai R Duration of cerebral desaturation time during single-lung ventilation correlates with mini mental state examination score. J Anesth. 2011 Jun;25(3):345-9. doi: 10.1007/s00540-011-1136-1. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
Tang L, Kazan R, Taddei R, Zaouter C, Cyr S, Hemmerling TM Reduced cerebral oxygen saturation during thoracic surgery predicts early postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Apr;108(4):623-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer501. Epub 2012 Feb 5.
Vasilevskis EE, Han JH, Hughes CG, Ely EW Epidemiology and risk factors for delirium across hospital settings. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Sep;26(3):277-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2012.07.003. Review.
The Effect of Intraoperative Cerebral Oxygen Desaturation on Post-Operative Delirium in Thoracic Surgical Patients: A Pilot Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
