Delirium — Reducing Delirium in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Citation(s)
Huang HW, Zheng BL, Jiang L, Lin ZT, Zhang GB, Shen L, Xi XM Effect of oral melatonin and wearing earplugs and eye masks on nocturnal sleep in healthy subjects in a simulated intensive care unit environment: which might be a more promising strategy for ICU sleep deprivation? Crit Care. 2015 Mar 19;19:124. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0842-8.
Litton E, Carnegie V, Elliott R, Webb SA The Efficacy of Earplugs as a Sleep Hygiene Strategy for Reducing Delirium in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2016 May;44(5):992-9. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001557. Review.
Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Ely EW Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 9;370(2):185-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1313886.
Patel J, Baldwin J, Bunting P, Laha S The effect of a multicomponent multidisciplinary bundle of interventions on sleep and delirium in medical and surgical intensive care patients. Anaesthesia. 2014 Jun;69(6):540-9. doi: 10.1111/anae.12638.
Van Rompaey B, Elseviers MM, Van Drom W, Fromont V, Jorens PG The effect of earplugs during the night on the onset of delirium and sleep perception: a randomized controlled trial in intensive care patients. Crit Care. 2012 May 4;16(3):R73. doi: 10.1186/cc11330.
Reducing Delirium in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit Through the Use of Eye Masks and Earplugs
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
