Delirium — Prevention of Delirium in Inpatients Utilizing Melatonin
Citation(s)
Al-Aama T, Brymer C, Gutmanis I, Woolmore-Goodwin SM, Esbaugh J, Dasgupta M Melatonin decreases delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011 Jul;26(7):687-94. doi: 10.1002/gps.2582. Epub 2010 Sep 15. Erratum in: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 May;29(5):550.
de Jonghe A, Korevaar JC, van Munster BC, de Rooij SE Effectiveness of melatonin treatment on circadian rhythm disturbances in dementia. Are there implications for delirium? A systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Dec;25(12):1201-8. doi: 10.1002/gps.2454. Review.
Inouye SK Delirium in older persons. N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 16;354(11):1157-65. Review. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 13;354(15):1655.
Miller MO Evaluation and management of delirium in hospitalized older patients. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Dec 1;78(11):1265-70. Review.
Sultan SS Assessment of role of perioperative melatonin in prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium after hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia in the elderly. Saudi J Anaesth. 2010 Sep;4(3):169-73. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.71132.
Prevention of Delirium in Inpatients Utilizing Melatonin
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
