Delirium — Dynamic Light Application to Prevent ICU Acquired Delirium
Citation(s)
Anderson JL, Glod CA, Dai J, Cao Y, Lockley SW Lux vs. wavelength in light treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009 Sep;120(3):203-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01345.x. Epub 2009 Feb 3.
Aurell J, Elmqvist D Sleep in the surgical intensive care unit: continuous polygraphic recording of sleep in nine patients receiving postoperative care. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 Apr 6;290(6474):1029-32.
Cajochen C, Zeitzer JM, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ Dose-response relationship for light intensity and ocular and electroencephalographic correlates of human alertness. Behav Brain Res. 2000 Oct;115(1):75-83.
Dijk DJ, Cajochen C Melatonin and the circadian regulation of sleep initiation, consolidation, structure, and the sleep EEG. J Biol Rhythms. 1997 Dec;12(6):627-35. Review.
Freedman NS, Gazendam J, Levan L, Pack AI, Schwab RJ Abnormal sleep/wake cycles and the effect of environmental noise on sleep disruption in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Feb;163(2):451-7.
Han CS, Kim YK A double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics. 2004 Jul-Aug;45(4):297-301.
Pisani MA, Kong SY, Kasl SV, Murphy TE, Araujo KL, Van Ness PH Days of delirium are associated with 1-year mortality in an older intensive care unit population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Dec 1;180(11):1092-7. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200904-0537OC. Epub 2009 Sep 10.
Shirani A, St Louis EK Illuminating rationale and uses for light therapy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009 Apr 15;5(2):155-63. Review.
Taguchi T, Yano M, Kido Y Influence of bright light therapy on postoperative patients: a pilot study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2007 Oct;23(5):289-97. Epub 2007 Aug 9.
Vidán MT, Sánchez E, Alonso M, Montero B, Ortiz J, Serra JA An intervention integrated into daily clinical practice reduces the incidence of delirium during hospitalization in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Nov;57(11):2029-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02485.x. Epub 2009 Sep 15.
Viola AU, James LM, Schlangen LJ, Dijk DJ Blue-enriched white light in the workplace improves self-reported alertness, performance and sleep quality. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Aug;34(4):297-306. Epub 2008 Sep 22.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.