Cystic Fibrosis — Adherence to Airway Clearance. Novel Approaches to Improving Adherence
Citation(s)
Ball R, Southern KW, McCormack P, Duff AJ, Brownlee KG, McNamara PS Adherence to nebulised therapies in adolescents with cystic fibrosis is best on week-days during school term-time. J Cyst Fibros. 2013 Sep;12(5):440-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2012.12.012. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
McCormack P, Southern KW, McNamara PS New nebulizer technology to monitor adherence and nebulizer performance in cystic fibrosis. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2012 Dec;25(6):307-9. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0934. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
McIlwaine PM, Wong LT, Peacock D, Davidson AG Long-term comparative trial of conventional postural drainage and percussion versus positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr. 1997 Oct;131(4):570-4.
O'Donohoe R, Fullen BM Adherence of subjects with cystic fibrosis to their home program: a systematic review. Respir Care. 2014 Nov;59(11):1731-46. doi: 10.4187/respcare.02990. Epub 2014 Jul 15. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
