Crohn Disease — Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Crohn's Disease as Relay After Anti-TNF Withdrawal
Citation(s)
Ananthakrishnan AN Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Apr;12(4):205-17. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.34. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
Beaugerie L, Itzkowitz SH Cancers Complicating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 9;373(2):195. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1505689. No abstract available.
Ben-Horin S, Chowers Y Review article: loss of response to anti-TNF treatments in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 May;33(9):987-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04612.x. Epub 2011 Mar 2.
Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, Kern F Jr Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Gastroenterology. 1976 Mar;70(3):439-44.
Borody T, Fischer M, Mitchell S, Campbell J Fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal disease: 2015 update and the road ahead. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;9(11):1379-91. doi: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1086267. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
Colman RJ, Rubin DT Fecal microbiota transplantation as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Dec;8(12):1569-81. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Sep 13. Erratum In: J Crohns Colitis. 2022 Aug 16;:
Grinspan AM, Kelly CR Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: Not Just Yet. Gastroenterology. 2015 Jul;149(1):15-8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.030. Epub 2015 May 27. No abstract available.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.