Critical Illness — Restrictive Versus Liberal Rate of Extracorporeal Volume Removal Evaluation in Acute Kidney Injury
Citation(s)
Chen H, Murugan R Survey of U.S. Critical Care Practitioners on Net Ultrafiltration Prescription and Practice among Critically Ill Patients Receiving Kidney Replacement Therapy. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures). 2021 Nov 6;7(4):272-282. doi: 10.2478/jccm-2021-0034. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Kitamura K, Hayashi K, Fujitani S, Murugan R, Suzuki T Ultrafiltration in Japanese critically ill patients with acute kidney injury on renal replacement therapy. J Intensive Care. 2021 Dec 20;9(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s40560-021-00590-4.
Murugan R, Bellomo R, Palevsky PM, Kellum JA Ultrafiltration in critically ill patients treated with kidney replacement therapy. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2021 Apr;17(4):262-276. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-00358-3. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
Murugan R, Kerti SJ, Chang CH, Gallagher M, Clermont G, Palevsky PM, Kellum JA, Bellomo R Association of Net Ultrafiltration Rate With Mortality Among Critically Ill Adults With Acute Kidney Injury Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration: A Secondary Analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Normal vs Augmented Level (RENAL) of Renal Replacement Therapy Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jun 5;2(6):e195418. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5418.
Naorungroj T, Serpa Neto A, Murugan R, Kellum JA, Bellomo R Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: The Interaction between Fluid Balance and Net Ultrafiltration. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 May 1;203(9):1199-1201. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202011-4097LE. No abstract available.
Tehranian S, Shawwa K, Kashani KB Net ultrafiltration rate and its impact on mortality in patients with acute kidney injury receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Clin Kidney J. 2019 Dec 17;14(2):564-569. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfz179. eCollection 2021 Feb.
REstrictive Versus LIberal Rate of Extracorporeal Volume Removal Evaluation in Acute Kidney Injury
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
