Critical Illness — Improving Family Meetings in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Citation(s)
Anderson LA, Dedrick RF Development of the Trust in Physician scale: a measure to assess interpersonal trust in patient-physician relationships. Psychol Rep. 1990 Dec;67(3 Pt 2):1091-100. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1990.67.3f.1091.
Baggs JG Development of an instrument to measure collaboration and satisfaction about care decisions. J Adv Nurs. 1994 Jul;20(1):176-82. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20010176.x.
Barry MJ, Fowler FJ Jr, Mulley AG Jr, Henderson JV Jr, Wennberg JE Patient reactions to a program designed to facilitate patient participation in treatment decisions for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Med Care. 1995 Aug;33(8):771-82. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199508000-00003.
Creamer M, Bell R, Failla S Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale - Revised. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Dec;41(12):1489-96. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.010.
Pyke-Grimm KA, Degner L, Small A, Mueller B Preferences for participation in treatment decision making and information needs of parents of children with cancer: a pilot study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 1999 Jan;16(1):13-24. doi: 10.1177/104345429901600103.
Snaith RP, Zigmond AS The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986 Feb 1;292(6516):344. doi: 10.1136/bmj.292.6516.344. No abstract available.
Improving Family Meetings in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
