Critical Illness — The Threshold of Serum Anion Gap as a Screening Tool for Organic Acidosis
Citation(s)
Ayala-Lopez N, Harb R Interpreting Anion Gap Values in Adult and Pediatric Patients: Examining the Reference Interval. J Appl Lab Med. 2020 Jan 1;5(1):126-135. doi: 10.1373/jalm.2019.029496.
Lolekha PH, Vanavanan S, Lolekha S Update on value of the anion gap in clinical diagnosis and laboratory evaluation. Clin Chim Acta. 2001 May;307(1-2):33-6. doi: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00459-4.
Sadjadi SA, Manalo R, Jaipaul N, McMillan J Ion-selective electrode and anion gap range: What should the anion gap be? Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2013 Jun 7;6:101-5. doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S44689. Print 2013.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
